Nyanzvi dzemakemikari muzvikoro nemaindasitiri dzinokurukura zvichave nhau huru gore rinouya

Nyanzvi nhanhatu dzinofanotaura mafambiro makuru emakemikari muna 2023

Nyanzvi dzemakemikari muzvikoro nemaindasitiri dzinokurukura zvichave nhau huru gore rinouya

Mufananidzo: Will Ludwig/C&EN/Shutterstock

MAHER EL-KADY, MUKURU WETEKNOLOJI, NANOTECH ENERGY, UYE ELECTROCHEMIST, YUNIVHESITI YE CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES

Chikwereti: Kubva kuna Maher El-Kady

"Kuti tibvise kuvimba kwedu nemafuta epasi uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwekabhoni, imwe nzira chaiyo ndeyekuisa magetsi kubva kudzimba kuenda kumotokari. Mumakore mashoma apfuura, takaona kubudirira kukuru mukugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwemabhatiri ane simba anotarisirwa kuchinja zvikuru nzira yatinofamba nayo kuenda kubasa nekushanyira shamwari nemhuri. Kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti tachinja zvachose kuenda kumagetsi, kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwesimba, nguva yekuchaja, kuchengetedzeka, kudzokorodza, uye mutengo pa kilowatt awa zvichiri kudiwa. Munhu anogona kutarisira kuti tsvakiridzo yemabhatiri ikure zvakanyanya muna 2023 nenhamba iri kuwedzera yenyanzvi dzemakemikari nenyanzvi dzezvinhu vachishanda pamwe chete kubatsira kuisa mota dzemagetsi dzakawanda mumugwagwa."

KLAUS LACKNER, mutungamiriri, Center for Negative carbon emissions, Arizona State University

Chikwereti: Arizona State University

"Kubva paCOP27, [musangano wepasi rose wezvakatipoteredza wakaitwa muna Mbudzi muEgypt], chinangwa chemamiriro ekunze che1.5 °C chakava chisingawanikwe, zvichisimbisa kudiwa kwekubvisa kabhoni. Nokudaro, 2023 ichaona kufambira mberi mune matekinoroji ekubata mhepo zvakananga. Anopa nzira inogona kukura yekubvisa utsi hwakaipa, asi anodhura zvakanyanya pakutarisira marara ekabhoni. Zvisinei, kubata mhepo zvakananga kunogona kutanga kudiki uye kukura muhuwandu pane kukura. Kungofanana nemapaneru ezuva, zvishandiso zvekubata mhepo zvakananga zvinogona kugadzirwa zvakawanda. Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwakaratidza kudzikiswa kwemitengo zvakanyanya. 2023 inogona kupa mukana wekuti ndeipi yetekinoroji dzakapihwa dzinogona kushandisa kudzikiswa kwemitengo kuripo mukugadzirwa kwakawanda."

RALPH MARQUARDT, MUKURU WEZVINOTENGESA ZVINHU ZVITSVA, EVONIK INDUSTRIES

Chikwereti: Evonik Industries

"Kumisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ibasa guru. Rinogona kubudirira chete kana tikashandisa zviwanikwa zvishoma. Hupfumi hwechokwadi hwakatenderera hwakakosha pakuita izvi. Mipiro yeindasitiri yemakemikari mune izvi inosanganisira zvinhu zvitsva, maitiro matsva, uye zvinowedzera zvinobatsira kugadzira nzira yekudzokorodza zvigadzirwa zvakatoshandiswa. Zvinoita kuti kudzokorodza kwemakemikari kuve kunoshanda uye zvinoita kuti kudzokorodza kwemakemikari kuve kwakakosha kunyangwe kupfuura pyrolysis yekutanga. Kushandura marara kuita zvinhu zvinokosha kunoda hunyanzvi kubva kuindasitiri yemakemikari. Mukufamba chaiko, marara anodzokorodzwa uye anova zvinhu zvakakosha zvezvigadzirwa zvitsva. Zvisinei, tinofanira kukurumidza; hunyanzvi hwedu hunodiwa izvozvi kuti tigone kudzokorodza hupfumi hwakatenderera mune ramangwana."

SARAH E. O'CONNOR, Mutungamiriri, Dhipatimendi reBiosynthesis yeZvigadzirwa zvezvisikwa, Max Planck Insitute yeChemical Ecology

Mufananidzo: Sebastian Reuter

"Maitiro e'-Omics' anoshandiswa kuwana majini nemaenzayimu anoshandiswa nemabhakitiriya, fungi, zvirimwa, nezvimwe zvipenyu kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvechisikigo zvakaoma. Majini aya nemaenzayimu anogona kushandiswa, kazhinji pamwe chete nemaitiro emakemikari, kugadzira mapuratifomu ekugadzira biocatalytic ane hushamwari kune nharaunda yemamorekuru asingaverengeki. Iye zvino tinogona kuita '-omics' pasero rimwe chete. Ndinofanotaura kuti tichaona kuti transcriptomics negenomics zvesero rimwe chete zviri kuchinja sei kumhanya kwatinowana majini nemaenzayimu aya. Uyezve, metabolomics dzesero rimwe chete dzava kugona, zvichitibvumira kuyera huwandu hwemakemikari mumasero ega ega, zvichitipa mufananidzo wakarurama wekuti sero rinoshanda sei sefekitori yemakemikari."

RICHMOND SARPONG, NYANZVI YEMHEMIKISI YEMAHARA, YUNIVHESITI YE CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

Mufananidzo: Niki Stefanelli

"Kunzwisisa zviri nani kuomarara kwemamorekuru eorganic, semuenzaniso maitiro ekusiyanisa kuomarara kwechimiro nekureruka kwekugadzirwa, kucharamba kuchibuda kubva mukufambira mberi mukudzidza kwemuchina, izvo zvichatungamirawo mukukurumidzira mukugadzirisa reaction uye kufanotaura. Kufambira mberi uku kuchapa nzira itsva dzekufunga nezvekusiyanisa nzvimbo yemakemikari. Imwe nzira yekuita izvi ndeyekuita shanduko kumucheto kwemamorekuru uye imwe ndeyekuchinja shanduko kumukati memamorekuru nekugadzirisa mapfupa emamorekuru. Nekuti macore emamorekuru eorganic ane zvisungo zvakasimba senge carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, uye carbon-oxygen bonds, ndinotenda kuti tichaona kukura kwehuwandu hwenzira dzekushanda kwemhando idzi dzezvisungo, kunyanya mumasisitimu asina kudzorwa. Kufambira mberi mu photoredox catalysis kungangobatsirawo kune nzira itsva mukugadzirisa skeletal."

Alison Wendlandt, Nyanzvi yemakemikari ezvisikwa, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Mufananidzo: Justin Knight

"Muna 2023, nyanzvi dzemakemikari emuchadenga dzicharamba dzichiwedzera kukwidza nyaya dzekusarudza. Ndinotarisira kukura kwenzira dzekugadzirisa dzinopa kunyatsorongeka kweatomu pamwe nezvishandiso zvitsva zvekugadzirisa macromolecules. Ndinoramba ndichikurudzirwa nekubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji dzaimbova pedyo muzvishandiso zvemakemikari emuchadenga: zvishandiso zvesainzi yedata yebiocatalytic, electrochemical, photochemical, uye zvesainzi yedata zvakajairika zviri kuwedzera kushandiswa. Ndinotarisira kuti nzira dzinoshandisa zvishandiso izvi dzichawedzera kukura, dzichitiunzira chemistry yatisina kumbofungidzira kuti ingagoneka."

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