Muna Nyamavhuvhu, masayendisiti emakemikari akazivisa kuti vaigona kuita izvo zvagara zvichiita sezvisingabviri: kuputsa zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinosvibisa zvipenyu zvinogara kwenguva refu pasi pemamiriro ekunze akapfava. Zvinhu zvePer- nepolyfluoroalkyl (PFAS), zvinowanzonzi makemikari ekusingaperi, zviri kuungana munzvimbo nemuviri wedu nekukurumidza kunotyisa. Kugara kwazvo kwenguva refu, kwakavakirwa mukubatana kwakaoma kupwanya carbon-fluorine, kunoita kuti PFAS inyanye kubatsira semachira asingapindi mvura uye asinganamire uye furo remoto, asi zvinoreva kuti makemikari acho anogara kwemazana emakore. Dzimwe nhengo dzeboka guru iri remakemikari dzinozivikanwa kuti dzine chepfu.
Chikwata ichi, chaitungamirwa naWilliam Dichtel wepaYunivhesiti yeNorthwestern uye mudzidzi wepayunivhesiti Brittany Trang, chakawana kusasimba mu perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids uye kemikari GenX, iyo iri chikamu cheimwe kirasi yePFAS. Kupisa macompounds mu solvent kubvisa boka re carboxylic acid remakemikari; kuwedzerwa kwe sodium hydroxide kunoita basa rasara, zvichisiya ma fluoride ions nema organic molecules asina njodzi. Kutyoka uku kweC-F bond yakasimba kwazvo kunogona kuitwa pa120 °C chete (Science 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8868). Masayendisiti anotarisira kuyedza nzira iyi nekushandisa mamwe marudzi ePFAS.
Basa iri risati raitwa, nzira dzakanakisisa dzekugadzirisa PFAS dzaive dzekubvisa mishonga iyi kana kuiputsa pakupisa kwakanyanya uchishandisa simba rakawanda—izvo zvingasatomboshanda zvachose, anodaro Jennifer Faust, nyanzvi yemakemikari paKoreji yeWooster. "Ndosaka maitiro aya ekupisa kwakaderera achivimbisa," anodaro.
Nzira itsva iyi yekupatsanura yakagamuchirwa zvikuru kana tichitarisa zvimwe zvakawanikwa muna 2022 nezvePFAS. Muna Nyamavhuvhu, vaongorori veStockholm University vakatungamirwa naIan Cousins vakataura kuti mvura yemvura pasi rose ine mazinga e perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) anopfuura mazinga ekuraira eUS Environmental Protection Agency emakemikari ari mumvura yekunwa (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2022, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02765). Chidzidzo ichi chakawanawo mazinga epamusoro ePFAS mumvura yemvura.
“PFOA nePFOS [perfluorooctanesulfonic acid] zvave zvisisipo kwemakumi emakore, saka zvinoratidza kuti zvinogara kwenguva refu sei,” anodaro Faust. “Handina kufunga kuti zvaizovapo zvakadaro.” Basa raCousins, anodaro, “ndiro mugumo wechando.” Faust akawana mhando itsva dzePFAS—dzisingatariswe nguva dzose neEPA—mumvura yemvura yemuUS ine huwandu hwakanyanya kupfuura idzi makemikari ekare (Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d2em00349j).
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-19-2022