Muna Nyamavhuvhu, vemakemikari vakazivisa kuti vaigona kuita izvo zvagara zvichiita sezvisingabviri: kuputsa zvimwe zvezvakanyanya kusimba zvinosvibisa organic pasi pemamiriro akapfava.Per- uye polyfluoroalkyl zvinhu (PFAS), inowanzonzi zvachose makemikari, ari kuungana munzvimbo uye miviri yedu pamwero unotyisa.Kusimba kwavo, kwakadzika midzi mune yakaoma-ku-kupwanya kabhoni-fluorine bond, inoita kuti PFAS inyanyo batsira senge isina mvura uye isina zvimiti zvekupfeka uye mafuro ekudzima moto, asi zvinoreva kuti makemikari anoenderera kwemazana emakore.Dzimwe nhengo dzekirasi hombe yekomboni dzinozivikanwa kuva dzine chepfu.
Chikwata ichi, chinotungamirwa neNorthwestern University chemist William Dichtel uyezve-akapedza kudzidza Brittany Trang, akawana kushaya simba mu perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids uye kemikari GenX, inova chikamu cheimwe kirasi yePFAS.Kupisa makomisheni muzvikamu zvinonyungudutsa kubva pamakemikari 'carboxylic acid group;kuwedzererwa kwesodium hydroxide kunoita basa rose, zvichisiya kumashure efluoride ions uye ane benign organic molecules.Uku kutyorwa kwechisungo chakasimba kwazvo cheC-F kunogona kuitwa pakungoita 120 °C (Sainzi 2022, DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8868).Masayendisiti anotarisira kuyedza nzira ichipokana nemamwe marudzi ePFAS.
Basa iri risati raitwa, nzira dzakanakisa dzekugadzirisa PFAS dzaive dzekuteedzera makomisheni kana kuapwanya patembiricha yakanyanya uchishandisa huwandu hukuru hwesimba - izvo zvinogona kunge zvisiri kunyatsoshanda, anodaro Jennifer Faust, wezvemakemikari pakoreji yeWooster.“Ndiko kusaka nzira iyi yekuderedza kutonhora ichinyatsovimbisa,” anodaro.
Iyi nzira nyowani yekuputsa yakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya mumamiriro ezvimwe zvakawanikwa muna 2022 nezvePFAS.Muna Nyamavhuvhu, vatsvakurudzi veStockholm University vakatungamirirwa naIan Cousins vakashuma kuti mvura inonaya pasi rose ine perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) mazinga anopfuura eUS Environmental Protection Agency's advisory level yekemikari iyoyo mumvura yekunwa (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2022, DOI: 10.1021 /acs.est.2c02765).Chidzidzo chacho chakawana mazinga epamusoro emamwe PFAS mumvura inonaya zvakare.
"PFOA nePFOS [perfluorooctanesulfonic acid] yanga isiri kugadzirwa kwemakumi emakore, saka inotaridza kuti vari kushingirira sei," anodaro Faust."Handina kufunga kuti pachava nezvakawanda izvi."Basa revacousin, anodaro, "chaizvoizvo muromo wechando."Faust akawana marudzi matsva ePFAS-ayo asingagamuchirwi neEPA-mumvura inonaya yeU.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-19-2022